Keeping hives healthy is essential for the success of beekeeping and the survival of bees, which play a vital role in pollination and food production. However, bees face threats such as diseases and pests, which can weaken or even destroy a colony. Recognising early signs and taking effective action is the key to protecting hives.
SIGNS OF HIVE PROBLEMS
A healthy hive has active bees that come and go regularly, and clean, well-organised combs full of honey. When something isn't right, you can tell:
- Dead or sick bees near the hive.
- Unpleasant odour inside the hive.
- Damaged or webbed beans.
- Bees with strange behaviour, such as difficulty flying.
COMMON DISEASES
Varroasis (caused by Varroa mites)
- What it is: A disease caused by mites that suck the blood of bees and their young, weakening the hive.
- Signs: Bees with deformed, dead wings and a reduction in the number of bees in the hive.
- How to act: Apply specific treatments recommended for mite control and inspect the hives regularly.
Nosemosis (fungal infection)
- What it is: A disease caused by a fungus that attacks the digestive system of bees.
- Signs: Brown spots in the hive and weak bees.
- How to act: Keep the hive clean and dry and give the bees extra food if necessary.
American and European Loque
- What it is: Serious bacterial infections.
- Signs: Dead bees, unpleasant odour and combs with sticky residue.
- How to act: In serious cases, destroy the affected combs and disinfect the equipment to prevent further spread.
COMMON PESTS
Wax moth
- What it is: A moth that feeds on wax and pollen, destroying the combs.
- Signs:Presence of webs and holes in the combs.
- How to act: Keep strong hives, store combs in cool places.
Ants
- What it is: Invasion of ants to steal honey from the hive.
- Signs: Ants at the entrance to the hive or in the combs.
- How to act: Place the hives on supports with barriers and keep the area clean.
PREVENTION PRACTICES
- Regular inspection: Check the condition of the hive and the bees frequently.
- Good hygiene: Clean and disinfect beekeeping equipment to prevent the spread of disease.
- Proper nutrition: Make sure the bees have access to nectar, pollen and water.
- Choosing healthy hives: Start with bees from reliable sources to avoid introducing pests or diseases.
Looking after bees requires attention and dedication. By learning to recognise the signs of trouble and acting quickly, you'll ensure healthier and more productive hives.
An attentive beekeeper not only protects their bees, but also contributes to preserving the environment and biodiversity. Adopt good beekeeping practices and help preserve a sustainable future.